ISO 12651-1-2012 电子文件管理.词汇表.第1部分:电子文件成像
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来源:标准资料网
【英文标准名称】:Electronicdocumentmanagement-Vocabulary-Part1:Electronicdocumentimaging
【原文标准名称】:电子文件管理.词汇表.第1部分:电子文件成像
【标准号】:ISO12651-1-2012
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2012-01
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC171
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Definitions;Documentdescription;Documentinterchange;Documentprocessing;Documentretention;Documents;Electronic;Entries;Imaging;Picturedescriptioninformation;Picturerecording;Recording;Recordingsystems;Terminology;Terminologystandard;Vocabulary
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:L81
【国际标准分类号】:01_040_37;37_080
【页数】:18P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforHotSpotProtectionTestingofPhotovoltaicModules
【原文标准名称】:光电模块的热点保护试验的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME2481-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E44.09
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:solar;energy;photovoltaics;modules;electricaltesting;hotspot;Electricaltests;Hotspots;Photovoltaic(PV)powersystems;Solarmaterials/applications;Testing
【摘要】:Thedesignofaphotovoltaicmoduleorsystemintendedtoprovidesafeconversionofthesun''sradiantenergyintousefulelectricitymusttakeintoconsiderationthepossibilityofpartialshadowingofthemodule(s)duringoperation.Thistestmethoddescribesaprocedureforverifyingthatthedesignandconstructionofthemoduleprovidesadequateprotectionagainstthepotentialharmfuleffectsofhotspotsduringnormalinstallationanduse.Thistestmethoddescribesaprocedurefordeterminingtheabilityofthemoduletoprovideprotectionfrominternaldefectswhichcouldcauselossofelectricalinsulationorcombustionhazards.Hot-spotheatingoccursinamodulewhenitsoperatingcurrentexceedsthereducedshort-circuitcurrent(Isc)ofashadowedorfaultycellorgroupofcells.Whensuchaconditionoccurs,theaffectedcellorgroupofcellsisforcedintoreversebiasandmustdissipatepower,whichcancauseoverheating.Note18212;Thecorrectuseofbypassdiodescanpreventhotspotdamagefromoccurring.Fig.1illustratesthehot-spoteffectinamoduleofaseriesstringofcells,oneofwhich,cellY,ispartiallyshadowed.TheamountofelectricalpowerdissipatedinYisequaltotheproductofthemodulecurrentandthereversevoltagedevelopedacrossY.Foranyirradiancelevel,whenthereversevoltageacrossYisequaltothevoltagegeneratedbytheremaining(s-1)cellsinthemodule,powerdissipationisatamaximumwhenthemoduleisshort-circuited.ThisisshowninFig.1bytheshadedrectangleconstructedattheintersectionofthereverseI-VcharacteristicofYwiththeimageoftheforwardI-Vcharacteristicofthe(s-1)cells.By-passdiodes,ifpresent,asshowninFig.2,beginconductingwhenaseries-connectedstringinamoduleisinreversebias,therebylimitingthepowerdissipationinthereduced-outputcell.Note28212;Ifthemoduledoesnotcontainbypassdiodes,checkthemanufacturerx2019;sinstructionstoseeifamaximumnumberofseriesmodulesisrecommendedbeforeinstallingbypassdiodes.Ifthemaximumnumberofmodulesrecommendedisgreaterthanone,thehotspottestshouldbepreformedwiththatnumberofmodulesinseries.Forconvenience,aconstantcurrentpowersupplymaybesubstitutedfortheadditionalmodulestomaintainthespecifiedcurrent.Thereversecharacteristicsofsolarcellscanvaryconsiderably.Cellscanhaveeitherhighshuntresistancewherethereverseperformanceisvoltage-limitedorhavelowshuntresistancewherethereverseperformanceiscurrent-limited.Eachofthesetypesofcellscansufferhotspotproblems,butindifferentways.Low-ShuntResistanceCells:Theworstcaseshadowingconditionsoccurwhenthewholecell(oralargefraction)isshadowed.Oftenlowshuntresistancecellsarethiswaybecauseoflocalizedshunts.Inthiscasehotspotheatingoccursbecausealargeamountofcurrentflowsinasmallarea.Becausethisisalocalizedphenomenon,thereisagreatdealofscatterinperformanceofthistypeofcell.Cellswiththelowestshuntresistancehaveahighlikelihoodofoperatingatexcessivelyhightemperatureswhenreversebiased.Becausetheheatingislocalized,hotspotfailuresoflowshuntresistancecellsoccurquickly.HighShuntResistanceCells:Theworstcaseshadowingco.........
【中国标准分类号】:F12
【国际标准分类号】:27_160
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:Respiratoryprotectivedevicesforself-rescue-Self-containedclosed-circuitbreathingapparatus-Chemicaloxygen(NaClO)escapeapparatus;requirements,testing,marking;GermanversionEN1061:1996
【原文标准名称】:自救用呼吸保护装置.隔绝装置.化学氧(NaC103)自救器.要求,检验,标识
【标准号】:DINEN1061-1996
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1996-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:定义;压缩空气设备;呼吸器;防护服装;营救设备;防护设备;作标记;呼吸装置;供氧设备;救生设备;自救;氧气急救呼吸器;氧;再生器件;规范(验收);试验;压缩气体
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C73
【国际标准分类号】:13_340_30
【页数】:17P;A4
【正文语种】:德语
